Plant Physiology Preview
Published on April 20, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.098897
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received March 15, 2007
Accepted April 14, 2007
Barley Mlo Modulates Actin-dependent and Actin-independent Antifungal Defence Pathways at the Cell Periphery
Marco Miklis , Chiara Consonni , Riyaz A. Bhat , Volker Lipka , Paul Schulze-Lefert , and Ralph Panstruga *
Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
Cell polarization is a crucial process during plant development as well as in plant-microbe interactions and is frequently associated with extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements. In interactions of plants with inappropriate fungal pathogens (so-called non-host interactions), the actin cytoskeleton is thought to contribute to the establishment of effective barriers at the cell periphery against fungal ingress. Here we impeded actin cytoskeleton function in various types of disease resistance using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic interference via ectopic expression of an actin depolymerizing factor-encoding gene, ADF. We demonstrate that barley (Hordeum vulgare) epidermal cells require actin cytoskeleton function for basal defence to the appropriate powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh), and for mlo-mediated resistance at the cell wall, but not for several tested race-specific immune responses. Analysis of non-host resistance to two tested inappropriate powdery mildews, Erysiphe pisi and Bg f.sp. tritici (Bgt), revealed the existence of actin-dependent and -independent resistance pathways acting at the cell periphery. These pathways act synergistically and appear to be each under negative control by the plasma membrane-resident MLO protein.
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