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Published on May 11, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.099432

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Received March 12, 2007
Accepted May 4, 2007

Monoacylglycerols Are Components of Root Waxes and can be Produced in the Aerial Cuticle by Ectopic Expression of a Suberin-associated Acyltransferase

Yonghua Li , Fred Beisson , John Ohlrogge , and Mike Pollard *

Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Michigan 48824 USA

* Corresponding author; email: pollard9{at}msu.edu.

The interface between plants and the environment is provided for aerial organs by epicuticular waxes that have been extensively studied. By contrast, little is known about the nature, biosynthesis and role of the waxes at the root-rhizosphere interface. Waxes isolated by rapid immersion of Arabidopsis roots in organic solvents were rich in saturated C18-C22 alkyl esters of p-hydroxycinnamic acids, but also contained significant amounts of both {alpha}- and {beta}-isomers of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) with C22 and C24 saturated acyl groups, and the corresponding free fatty acids (FFAs). The production of these compounds in root waxes was positively correlated to the expression of GPAT5, a gene encoding an acyltransferase previously shown to be involved in aliphatic suberin synthesis. This suggests a direct metabolic relationship between suberin and some root waxes. Furthermore, when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis, GPAT5 produced very long chain saturated MAGs and FFAs as novel components of cuticular waxes. The crystal morphology of stem waxes was altered and the load of total stem wax compounds was doubled although the major components typical of the waxes found on wild-type plants decreased. These results strongly suggest that GPAT5 functions in vivo as an acyltransferase to a glycerol-containing acceptor and has access to the same pool of acyl intermediates and/or may be targeted to the same membrane domain as that of wax synthesis in aerial organs.




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