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Published on June 28, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.100446

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Received March 30, 2007
Accepted June 12, 2007

A Higher Plant Delta-8 Sphingolipid Desaturase with a Preference for (Z)-isomer Formation Confers Aluminum Tolerance to Yeast and Plants

Peter R. Ryan *, Qing Liu , Petra Sperling , Bei Dong , Stefan Franke , and Emmanuel Delhaize

CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: peter.ryan{at}csiro.au.

Three plant cDNA libraries were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and screened on agar plates containing toxic concentrations of aluminum. Nine cDNAs were isolated that enhanced the aluminum tolerance of yeast. These cDNAs were constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and one cDNA from the roots of Stylosanthes hamata, designated S851, conferred greater aluminum tolerance to the transgenic seedlings. The protein predicted to be encoded by S851 showed an equally high similarity to {Delta}6 fatty acyl lipid desaturases and {Delta}8 sphingolipid desaturases. We expressed other known {Delta}6 desaturase and {Delta}8 desaturase genes in yeast and showed that a {Delta}6 fatty acyl desaturase from Echium plantagineum did not confer aluminum tolerance whereas a {Delta}8 sphingobase desaturase from A. thaliana did confer aluminum tolerance. Analysis of the fatty acids and sphingobases of the transgenic yeast and plant cells demonstrated that S851 encodes a {Delta}8 sphingobase desaturase which leads to the accumulation of 8(Z/E)-C18-phytosphingenine and 8(Z/E)-C20-phytopshingenine in yeast and to the accumulation of 8(Z/E)-C18-phytosphingenine in the leaves and roots of A. thaliana plants. The newly formed 8(Z/E)-C18-phytosphingenine in transgenic yeast accounted for 3 mol% of the total sphingobases with a 8(Z):8(E)-isomer ratio of approximately 4:1. The accumulation of 8(Z)-C18-phytosphingenine in transgenic A. thaliana shifted the ratio of the 8(Z):8(E) isomers from 1:4 in wild-type plants to 1:1 in the transgenic plants. These results indicate that S851 encodes the first {Delta}8 sphingolipid desaturase to be identified in higher plants with a preference for the 8(Z)-isomer. They further demonstrate that changes in the sphingolipid composition of cell membranes can protect plants from aluminum stress.




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