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Published on July 13, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.101808

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Received May 4, 2007
Accepted June 6, 2007

A Rhizosphere Fungus Enhances Arabidopsis Thermotolerance Through Production of an HSP90 Inhibitor

Catherine A. McLellan , Thomas J. Turbyville , E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne , Arthur Kerschen , Elizabeth Vierling , Christine Queitsch , Luke Whitesell , and A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka *

FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721; Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142

* Corresponding author; email: leslieg{at}ag.arizona.edu.

The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) is essential for the maturation of key regulatory proteins in eukaryotes and for the response to temperature stress. Earlier we have reported that fungi living in association with plants of the Sonoran desert produce small molecule inhibitors of mammalian HSP90. Here, we address whether elaboration of the HSP90 inhibitor monocillin I [MON] by the rhizosphere fungus Paraphaeosphaeria quadriseptata affects plant HSP90 and plant environmental responsiveness. We demonstrate that MON binds Arabidopsis HSP90 and can inhibit the function of HSP90 in lysates of wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ. MON treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings induced HSP101 and HSP70, conserved components of the stress response. Application of MON, or growth in the presence of MON, allowed Arabidopsis wild type, but not AtHSP101 knock-out mutant seedlings to survive otherwise lethal temperature stress. Finally, co-cultivation of P. quadriseptata with Arabidopsis enhanced plant heat stress tolerance. These data demonstrate that HSP90-inhibitory compounds produced by fungi can influence plant growth and responses to the environment.




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