Plant Physiology Preview
Published on June 22, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.102533
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received May 17, 2007
Accepted June 15, 2007
Characterization of SSIIIa-deficient Mutants of Rice (Oryza sativa L.,). The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm
Naoko Fujita *, Mayumi Yoshida , Tomonori Kondo , Kaori Saito , Yoshinori Utsumi , Takashi Tokunaga , Aiko Nishi , Hikaru Satoh , Jin-Hee Park , Jay-Lin Jane , Akio Miyao , Hirohiko Hirochika , and Yasunori Nakamura
Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195 Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan; Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1120, USA; NIAS, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
* Corresponding author; email: naokof{at}akita-pu.ac.jp.
Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemical mutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identified to be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2-4 chains with degree of polymerization (DP)  30 and the molecular weight of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70% of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2-4 chains. Chains with DP 6-9 and DP16-19 decreased while chains with DP10-15 and DP20-25 increased in the mutants amylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant (Fujita et al., 2006 Plant Physiol 140: 1070-1084) and were caused by 1.3-1.7-folds increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and the extra-long chains (DP 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-folds, respectively. These changes in the composition in the mutants starch were caused by 1.4-1.7-folds increase in amounts of GBSSI. The starch granules of the mutants were smaller with round-shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second major SS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content and physico-chemical properties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself; and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSI and GBSSI gene transcripts.
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