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Published on July 27, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.102624

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Received May 21, 2007
Accepted July 23, 2007

Effect of Secondary Metabolites Associated with Anaerobic Soil Conditions on Ion Fluxes and Electrophysiology in Barley Roots

Jiayin Pang , Tracey Cuin , Lana Shabala , Meixue Zhou , Neville Mendham , and Sergey Shabala *

School of Agricultural Science and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

* Corresponding author; email: Sergey.Shabala{at}utas.edu.au.

The effects of secondary metabolites produced by waterlogged soils on net K+, H+ and Ca2+ fluxes were studied in the mature zone of roots of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars contrasting in their waterlogging (WL) tolerance using the non-invasive MIFE ion flux measuring technique. In WL-sensitive variety Naso Nijo, all three lower monocarboxylic acids (formic, acetic and propionic acids) and three phenolic acids (benzoic, 2-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) caused a substantial shift towards steady K+ efflux, accompanied by an immediate net influx of H+. Detrimental effects of secondary metabolites on K+ homeostasis in root cells were absent in WL-tolerant TX variety. Root treatment with Mn2+ caused only a temporary K+ loss that returned to the initial level 10 min after treatment. Phenolic acids slightly increased Ca2+ influx immediately after treatment, while other metabolites tested resulted in transient Ca2+ efflux from the root. In the long-term (24 h) treatment, all metabolites tested significantly reduced K+ uptake, and the adverse effects of phenolic acids were smaller than for monocarboxylic acids and Mn2+. Treatment with monocarboxylic acids for 24 h shifted H+ from net efflux to net influx, while all three phenolic acids did not cause significant effects compared with the control. Based on results of pharmacological experiments and membrane potential measurements, a model explaining the effects of secondary metabolites on membrane transport activity is proposed. We also suggest that plant tolerance to these secondary metabolites could be considered a useful trait in breeding programs.






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