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Published on August 17, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.102962

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Received May 29, 2007
Accepted August 9, 2007

Transcriptional Profiling of high pigment-2dg Tomato Mutant Links Early Fruit Plastid Biogenesis with its Overproduction of Phytonutrients

Igor Kolotilin , Hinanit Koltai , Yaakov Tadmor , Carmiya Bar-Or , Moshe Reuveni , Ayala Meir , Sahadia Nahon , Haviva Shlomo , Lea Chen , and Ilan Levin *

Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, P.O.Box 6, Bet Dagan, Israel 50250

* Corresponding author; email: vclevini{at}volcani.agri.gov.il.

Phenotypes of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) high pigment-2dg (hp-2dg) and hp-2j mutants are caused by lesions in the gene encoding DEETIOLATED1, a negative regulator of light signaling. Homozygous hp-2dg and hp-2j plants display a plethora of distinctive developmental and metabolic phenotypes in comparison to their normal isogenic counterparts. These mutants are however best known for the increased levels of carotenoids, primarily lycopene, and other plastid-accumulating functional metabolites. In this study we analyzed the transcriptional alterations in mature-green, breaker and early-red fruits of hp-2dg/hp-2dg plants in relation to their normal counterparts using microarray technology. Results show that a large portion of the genes that are affected by hp-2dg mutation, display a tendency for up- rather than down-regulation. Ontology assignment of these differentially regulated transcripts revealed a consistent up-regulation of transcripts related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2dg mutants throughout fruit ripening. A tendency of up-regulation was also observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrient biosynthesis. However, this up-regulation was not as consistent, positioning plastid biogenesis as an important determinant of phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2dg and possibly other hp mutant fruits. Microscopic observations revealed a highly significant increase in chloroplasts size and number in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2dg/hp-2dg and hp-2j/hp-2j fruits in comparison to their normal counterparts. This increase could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Therefore, the molecular trigger that drives phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2dg and hp-2j mutant fruits should be initially traced at these early stages.






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