Plant Physiology Preview
Published on October 5, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.105064
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received July 3, 2007
Accepted September 24, 2007
A Trafficking Pathway for Anthocyanins Overlaps with the Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Vacuole Protein Sorting Route in Arabidopsis and Contributes to the Formation of Vacuolar Inclusions
Frantisek Poustka , Niloufer G. Irani , Antje Feller , Yuhua Lu , Lucille Pourcel , Kenneth Frame , and Erich Grotewold *
Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
* Corresponding author; email: grotewold.1{at}osu.edu.
Plants produce a very large number of specialized compounds that must be transported from their site of synthesis to the sites of storage or disposal. Anthocyanin accumulation has provided a powerful system to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the intra-cellular trafficking of phytochemicals. Benefiting from the unique fluorescent properties of anthocyanins, we show here that, in Arabidopsis, one route for anthocyanin transport to the vacuole involves vesicle-like structures shared with components of the secretory pathway. By co-localizing the red fluorescence of the anthocyanins with GFP markers of the endomembrane system in Arabidopsis seedlings, we show that anthocyanins are also sequestered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to ER-derived vesicle-like structures targeted directly to the protein storage vacuole in a Golgi-independent manner. Moreover, our results indicate that the vacuolar accumulation of anthocyanins does not depend solely on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or ATP-dependent transport mechanisms. Indeed, we observed a dramatic increase of anthocyanin-filled sub-vacuolar structures, without a significant effect on total anthocyanin levels, when we inhibited GST activity, or the ATP-dependent transporters with vanadate, a general ATPase inhibitor. Taken together, these results provide evidence for an alternative novel mechanism of vesicular transport and vacuolar sequestration of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis.
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