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Published on September 20, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.105593

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Received July 16, 2007
Accepted September 10, 2007

Localization in roots and flowers of pea chloroplast thioredoxin f and m proteins reveals new roles in non-photosynthetic organs

Juan de Dios Barajas-Lopez , Antonio Jesus Serrato , Adela Olmedilla , Ana Chueca , and Mariam Sahrawy *

Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain

* Corresponding author; email: mariam.sahrawy{at}eez.csic.es.

Plant thioredoxins are involved in redox regulation of a wide variety processes, and usually exhibit organ specificity. We report strong evidence that chloroplastic thioredoxins are localized in heterotrophic tissues, and suggest some ways in which they might participate in several metabolic and developmental processes. The promoter regions of the chloroplastic f and m1 thioredoxin genes were isolated from a pea plant genomic bank (Pisum sativum). Histochemical staining for {beta}-glucuronidase in transgenic homozygous Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed preferential expression of the 444-bp PsTRXf1 promoter in early seedlings, stems, leaves and roots, as well as in flowers, stigma, pollen grains and filaments. {beta}-glucuronidase activity under the control of the 1874-bp PsTRXm1 promoter was restricted to the leaves, roots, seeds and flowers. To gain insights into the translational regulation of these genes, a series of deletions of 5' elements in both thioredoxin promoters were analyzed. The results revealed that a 126-bp construct of the PsTRXf2 promoter was unable to reproduce the expression pattern observed with full promoter. The differences in expression and tissue specificity between PsTRXm1 and the deleted promoters PsTRXm2 and PsTRXm3 suggest the existence of upstream positive or negative regulatory regions that affect tissue specificity, sucrose metabolism, and light regulation. PsTRXm1 expression is finely regulated by light and possibly by other metabolic factors. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed new localizations of these chloroplastic thioredoxin transcripts in vascular tissues and flowers, and therefore suggest possible new functions in heterotrophic tissues related to cell division, germination and plant reproduction.




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