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Published on October 19, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.105676

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Received July 17, 2007
Accepted October 11, 2007

The Arabidopsis DESPERADO/AtWBC11 Transporter is Required for Cutin and Wax Secretion

David Panikashvili , Sigal Savaldi-Goldstein , Tali Mandel , Tamar Yifhar , Rochus B. Franke , Rene Hofer , Lukas Schreiber , Joanne Chory , and Asaph Aharoni *

Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Plant Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Department of Ecophysiology, Kirschallee 1, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: asaph.aharoni{at}weizmann.ac.il.

The cuticle fulfills multiple roles in the plant life cycle including protection from environmental stresses and the regulation of organ fusion. It is largely composed of cutin, which consists of C16-18 fatty acids. While cutin composition and biosynthesis has been studied, the export of cutin monomers out of the epidermis has remained elusive. Here we show that DESPERADO (AtWBC11), encoding a plasma membrane localized ABC transporter, is required for cutin transport to the extracellular matrix. The desperado mutant exhibits an array of surface defects suggesting an abnormally functioning cuticle. This was accompanied by dramatic alterations in the levels of cutin monomers. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed unusual lipidic, cytoplasmatic inclusions in epidermal cells, disappearance of the cuticle in postgenital fusion areas and altered morphology of trichomes and pavement cells. We also found that DESPERADO is induced by salt, ABA and wounding stresses and its loss-of-function results in plants that are highly susceptible to salt and display reduced root branching. Thus, DESPERADO is not only essential for developmental plasticity but also plays a vital role in stress responses.




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