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Published on November 2, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.105890

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Received July 28, 2007
Accepted October 16, 2007

Glufosinate ammonium-induced pathogen inhibition and defense responses culminate in disease protection in bar-transgenic rice

Il-Pyung Ahn *

National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-100, Korea

* Corresponding author; email: jinhyung{at}rda.go.kr.

Glufosinate ammonium diminished developments of rice blast and brown leaf spot in 35S:bar-transgenic rice. Pre- and post-inoculation treatments of this herbicide reduced disease development. Glufosinate ammonium specifically impeded appressorium formation of pathogens, Magnaporthe grisea and Cochliobolus miyabeanus, on hydrophobic surface and on transgenic rice. In contrast, conidial germination was remained unaffected. Glufosinate ammonium diminished mycelial growth of two pathogens , however, this inhibitory effect was attenuated in malnutrition condition . Glufosinate ammonium caused slight chlorosis and diminished chlorophyll content, however, these alterations were almost completely restored in transgenic rice within 7 days. Glufosinate ammonium triggered transcriptions of PR genes and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in transgenic rice and PR1 transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type Col-0 harboring 35S:bar construct. All transgenic Arabidopsis showed robust hydrogen peroxide accumulation by glufosinate ammonium. This herbicide also induced PR1 transcription in etr1 and jar1 expressing bar, however, no expression was observed in NahG and npr1. Fungal infection did not alter transcriptions of PR genes and hydrogen peroxide accumulation induced by glufosinate ammonium. Glufosinate ammonium infiltration did not affect appressorium formation of M. grisea in vivo, however, inhibited blast disease development. Hydrogen peroxide scavengers nullified blast protection and transcriptions of PR genes by glufosinate ammonium, however, they did not affect brown leaf spot progression. In sum, both direct inhibition of pathogen infection and activation of defense systems were responsible for disease protection in bar-transgenic rice.






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