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Plant Physiology Preview Published on January 18, 2008; 10.1104/pp.107.108647
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received September 3, 2007 An AGAMOUS-related MADS-box gene, XAL1 (AGL12), regulates root meristem cell proliferation and flowering transition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolucion de Plantas, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botanico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Depto. de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; ICREA and LGMV (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats y Laboratori de Genetica Molecular Vegetal, CSIC-IRTA), IBMB-CSIC C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain * Corresponding author; email: eabuylla{at}gmail.com.
MADS-box genes are key components of the networks that control the transition to flowering and flower development, but their role in vegetative development is poorly understood. This paper shows that the sister gene of the AGAMOUS (AG) clade, AGL12, has an important role in root development as well as in the flowering transition. We isolated three mutant alleles for AGL12, that it is renamed here as XAANTAL1 (XAL1): two alleles xal1-1 and xal1-2 are in Columbia ecotype, and xal1-3 is in Landsberg erecta ecotype. All alleles have a short-root phenotype with a smaller meristem, lower rate of cell production and abnormal root apical meristem organization. Interestingly, we also encountered a significantly longer cell cycle in the strongest xal1 alleles with respect to wild-type plants. Expression analyses confirmed the presence of XAL1 transcripts in roots, particularly in the phloem. Moreover, XAL1::GUS expression was specifically up-regulated by auxins in this tissue. In addition, mRNA in situ hybridization showed that XAL1 transcripts were also found in leaves and floral meristems of wild-type plants. This expression correlates with the late flowering phenotypes of the xal1 mutants grown under long-days. Transcript expression analysis suggests that XAL1 is an upstream regulator of SOC, FT and LFY. We postulate that XAL1 may have similar roles in both root and aerial meristems that could explain xal1 late flowering phenotype.
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