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Published on November 9, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.108712

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Received September 5, 2007
Accepted November 1, 2007

Powdery Mildew Induces Defense-Oriented Reprogramming of the Transcriptome in a Susceptible but not in a Resistant Grapevine

Raymond W. M. Fung , Martin Gonzalo , Csaba Fekete , Laszlo G. Kovacs , Yan He , Ellen Marsh , Lauren M. McIntyre , Daniel P. Schachtman , and Wenping Qiu *

Department of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711, USA; Departamento de Investigacion Trigo, Nidera S.A., (7607) Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611

* Corresponding author; email: wenpingqiu{at}missouristate.edu.

Grapevines exhibit a wide spectrum of resistance to the powdery mildew fungus (PM), Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr., but little is known about the transcriptional basis of the defense to PM. Our microscopic observations showed that PM produced less hyphal growth and induced more brown-colored epidermal cells on leaves of PM-resistant Vitis aestivalis ‘Norton’ than on leaves PM-susceptible Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet sauvignon’. We found that endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels were higher in V. aestivalis than in V. vinifera in the absence of the fungus, and that SA levels increased in V. vinifera at 120 hours post inoculation (hpi) with PM. To test the hypothesis that gene expression differences would be apparent when V. aestivalis and V. vinifera were mounting a response to PM, we conducted a comprehensive Vitis GeneChip analysis. We examined the transcriptome at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hpi with PM. We found only three PM-responsive transcripts in V. aestivalis, and 625 in V. vinifera. There was a significant increase in the abundance of transcripts encoding EDS1, MAPKK, WRKY, PR1, PR10 and stilbene synthase in PM-infected V. vinifera, suggesting an induction of the basal defense response. The overall changes in the PM-responsive V. vinifera transcriptome also indicated a possible re-programming of metabolism toward the increased synthesis of the secondary metabolites. These results suggested that resistance to PM in V. aestivalis was not associated with overall reprogramming of the transcriptome. However, PM induced defense-oriented transcriptional changes in V. vinifera.




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 Am. J. Enol. Vitic.Home page
P. Winterhagen, S. F. Howard, W. Qiu, and L. G. Kovacs
Transcriptional Up-Regulation of Grapevine MLO Genes in Response to Powdery Mildew Infection
Am. J. Enol. Vitic., June 1, 2008; 59(2): 159 - 168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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