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Published on October 26, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.109876

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Received September 25, 2007
Accepted October 23, 2007

Fungal symbiosis in rice requires an ortholog of a legume common symbiosis gene encoding a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

Caiyan Chen , Muqiang Gao , Jinyuan Liu , and Hongyan Zhu *

Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

* Corresponding author; email: hzhu4{at}uky.edu.

In natural ecosystems, many plants are able to establish mutually beneficial symbioses with microorganisms. Of critical importance to sustainable agriculture are the symbioses formed between more than 80% of terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Interestingly, the two symbioses share overlapping signaling pathways in legumes, suggesting that the evolutionarily recent root nodule symbiosis may have acquired functions from the ancient AM symbiosis. The Medicago truncatula DMI3 gene (MtDMI3) and its orthologs in legumes are required for both bacterial and fungal symbioses. MtDMI3 encodes a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Nod factors. Putative orthologs of MtDMI3 are also present in non-legumes, but their function in AM symbiosis has never been demonstrated in any non-legume species. Here we combine reverse genetic approaches and cross-species complementation test to characterize the function of the rice (Oryza sativa) ortholog of MtDMI3, namely OsDMI3, in AM symbiosis. We demonstrate that OsDMI3 is not only required for AM symbiosis in rice but also able to complement a M. truncatula dmi3 mutant, indicating an equivalent role of MtDMI3 orthologs in non-legumes.




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M. Banba, C. Gutjahr, A. Miyao, H. Hirochika, U. Paszkowski, H. Kouchi, and H. Imaizumi-Anraku
Divergence of Evolutionary Ways Among Common sym Genes: CASTOR and CCaMK Show Functional Conservation Between Two Symbiosis Systems and Constitute the Root of a Common Signaling Pathway
Plant Cell Physiol., November 1, 2008; 49(11): 1659 - 1671.
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