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Published on January 30, 2008; 10.1104/pp.107.110379

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Received October 4, 2007
Accepted January 16, 2008

The transcription factor MtSERF1 of the ERF subfamily identified by transcriptional profiling is required for somatic embryogenesis induced by auxin plus cytokinin in Medicago truncatula

Feky R. Mantiri , Sergey Kurdyukov , Dasharath P. Lohar , Natalya Sharopova , Nasir A. Saeed , Xin-Ding Wang , Kathryn A. VandenBosch , and Ray J. Rose *

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Plant Biology (D.P.L., N.S. and K.A.V.), University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA

* Corresponding author; email: ray.rose{at}newcastle.edu.au.

Transcriptional profiling of embryogenic callus produced from Medicago truncatula mesophyll protoplasts indicated up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene response genes. Using inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and perception it was shown that ethylene was necessary for somatic embryogenesis in this model legume. We chose several genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response for subsequent molecular analyses. One of these genes is a gene encoding a transcription factor that belongs to the AP2/ERF superfamily and ERF subfamily of transcription factors. We demonstrate that this gene designated Mt SOMATIC EMBRYO RELATED FACTOR 1 (MtSERF1) is induced by ethylene and is expressed in embryogenic calli. MtSERF1 is strongly expressed in the globular somatic embryo and there is high expression in a small group of cells in the developing shoot meristem of the heart-stage embryo. RNAi knock-down of this gene causes strong inhibition of somatic embryogenesis. We also provide evidence that MtSERF1 is expressed in zygotic embryos. MtSERF1 appears to be essential for somatic embryogenesis and may enable a connection between stress and development.




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