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Published on December 21, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.111302

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Received October 18, 2007
Accepted December 14, 2007

Salicylic acid and systemic acquired resistance play a role in attenuating crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Ajith Anand , Srinivasa Rao Uppalapati , Choong-Min Ryu , Stacy N. Allen , Li Kang , Yuhong Tang , and Kirankumar S. Mysore *

Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA

* Corresponding author; email: ksmysore{at}noble.org.

We investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) on crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nicotiana benthamiana plants treated with SA showed decreased susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection. Exogenous application of SA to Agrobacterium cultures decreased its growth, virulence and attachment to plant cells. Using Agrobacterium whole genome microarrays we characterized the direct effects of SA on bacterial gene expression and showed that SA inhibits induction of virulence (vir) genes, the repABC operon and differentially regulates the expression of many other sets of genes. Using virus-induced gene silencing we further demonstrate that plant genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signaling are important determinants for Agrobacterium infectivity on plants. Silencing of isochorismate synthase (ICS), non-expresser of PR-1 (NPR1), and salicylic acid binding protein-2 (SABP2) in N. benthamiana enhanced Agrobacterium infection. Moreover, plants treated with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid, a potent inducer of SAR, showed reduced disease symptoms. Our data suggest that SA and SAR both play a major role in retarding Agrobacterium infectivity.






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