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Published on December 21, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.111393

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Received October 22, 2007
Accepted December 11, 2007

Evolutionary Radiation Pattern of Novel Protein Phosphatases Revealed by Analysis of Protein Data from the Completely Sequenced Genomes of Humans, Green Algae and Higher Plants

David Kerk , George Templeton , and Greg BG Moorhead *

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada

* Corresponding author; email: moorhead{at}ucalgary.ca.

In addition to the major PPP, PPM and PTP families, there are novel protein phosphatases, including enzymes with Asp-based catalysis and subfamilies of protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose evolutionary history and representation in plants is poorly characterized. We have searched the protein datasets encoded by the well-finished nuclear genomes of the higher plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, and the latest draft datasets from the tree Populus trichocarpa and the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Ostreococcus tauri, for homologues to several classes of novel protein phosphatases. The Arabidopsis proteins, in combination with previously published data, provide a complete inventory of known types of protein phosphatase in this organism. Phylogenetic analysis of these proteins reveals a pattern of evolution where a diverse set of protein phosphatases was present early in the history of eukaryotes, and the division of plant and animal evolution resulted in two distinct sets of protein phosphatases. The green algae occupy an intermediate position, and show similarity to both plants and animals, depending on the protein. Of specific interest are the lack of cell division phosphatases CDC25 and CDC14, and the seeming adaptation of CDC14 as a protein interaction domain in higher plants. In addition, there is a dramatic increase in proteins containing RNA polymerase C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase-like catalytic domains in the higher plants. Expression analysis of Arabidopsis phosphatase genes differentially amplified in plants (specifically the CTD phosphatase-like phosphatases) show patterns of tissue specific expression with a statistically significant number of correlated genes encoding putative signal transduction proteins.




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G. L. Wheeler, D. Miranda-Saavedra, and G. J. Barton
Genome Analysis of the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Indicates an Ancient Evolutionary Origin for Key Pattern Recognition and Cell-Signaling Protein Families
Genetics, May 1, 2008; 179(1): 193 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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