Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 15, 2008; 10.1104/pp.107.111781
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received October 26, 2007
Accepted February 7, 2008
Barley grain maturation and germination: Metabolic pathway and regulatory network commonalities and differences highlighted by new MapMan/PageMan profiling tools
Nese Sreenivasulu *, Bjorn Usadel , Andreas Winter , Volodymyr Radchuk , Uwe Scholz , Nils Stein , Winfriede Weschke , Marc Strickert , Timothy J. Close , Mark Stitt , Andreas Graner , and Ulrich Wobus
Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben; Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam – Golm; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
* Corresponding author; email: srinivas{at}ipk-gatersleben.de.
Plant seeds prepare for germination already during seed maturation. We performed a detailed transcriptome analysis of barley grain maturation, desiccation and germination in two tissue fractions (starchy endosperm/aleurone and embryo/scutellum) using the Affymetrix barley1 chip. To aid data evaluation, Arabidopsis MapMan and PageMan tools were adapted to barley. The analyses allow a number of conclusions: (i) Cluster analysis revealed a smooth transition in transcription programs between late seed maturation and germination within embryo tissues, but not in the endosperm/aleurone. (ii) More than 12,000 transcripts are stored in the embryo of dry barley grains, many of which are presumably activated during germination. (iii) Transcriptional activation of storage reserve mobilization events occurs at an early stage of germination, well before radicle protrusion. (iv) Key genes of GA biosynthesis are already active during grain maturation at a time when ABA peaks suggesting the formation of an endogenous store of GA in the aleurone. This GA probably acts later during germination in addition to newly synthesized GA. (v) Beside the well known role of GA in gene activation during germination spatio-temporal expression data and cis-element searches in homologous rice promoters confirm an equally important gene-activating role of ABA during this developmental period. The respective regulatory webs are linked to auxin and ethylene controlled networks. In summary, new bioinformatics PageMan and MapMan tools developed in barley have been successfully used to investigate in detail the transcriptome relationships between seed maturation and germination in an important crop plant.
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