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Published on December 7, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.112821

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Received November 7, 2007
Accepted November 28, 2007

A Genomic Survey and Gene Expression Analysis of Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) Transcription Factor Family in Rice

Aashima Nijhawan , Mukesh Jain , Akhilesh K. Tyagi , and Jitendra P. Khurana *

Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi-110021, India

* Corresponding author; email: khuranaj{at}genomeindia.org.

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins comprise a family of transcriptional regulators present exclusively in eukaryotes. The bZIP proteins characteristically harbour a bZIP domain composed of two structural features: a DNA binding basic region and the leucine zipper dimerization region. They have been shown to regulate diverse plant-specific phenomena, including seed maturation and germination, floral induction and development, and photomorphogenesis, and are also involved in stress and hormone signaling. We have identified 89 bZIP transcription factor encoding genes in rice genome. Their chromosomal distribution and sequence analyses suggest that bZIP transcription factor family has evolved via gene duplication. The phylogenetic relationship among rice bZIP domains as well as with bZIP domains from other plant bZIP factors suggests that homologous bZIP domains exist in plants. Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the basic-hinge regions of their bZIP domains. A detailed sequence analysis has been done to identify additional conserved motifs outside the bZIP domain and to predict their DNA-binding site specificity as well as dimerization properties which has helped classify them into different groups and sub-families, respectively. The expression of bZIP transcription factor encoding genes has been analyzed by full-length cDNA and EST-based expression profiling. This expression profiling was complemented by microarray analysis. The results indicate specific or co-expression patterns of rice bZIP transcription factors starting from floral transition to various stages of panicle and seed development. The bZIP transcription factor encoding genes in rice also displayed differential expression patterns in rice seedlings in response to abiotic stress and light irradiation. An effort has been made to link the structure and expression pattern of bZIP transcription factor encoding genes in rice to their function, based on the information obtained from our analyses and earlier known results. This information will be important for functional characterization of bZIP transcription factors in rice.






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