Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 8, 2008; 10.1104/pp.107.113035
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received November 9, 2007
Accepted February 4, 2008
Pollen Tube Growth Oscillations and Intracellular Calcium Levels are Reversibly Modulated by Actin Polymerization
Luis Cardenas *, Alenka Lovy-Wheeler , Joseph G. Kunkel , and Peter K. Hepler
Departamento de Biologia Molecular de Plantas Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Apartado Postal 510-3 Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, Mexico; Department of Biology and the Plant Biology Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003; Department of Neuroscience, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA
* Corresponding author; email: luisc{at}ibt.unam.mx.
Prevention of actin polymerization with low concentrations of Lat-B (2 nM) exerts a profound inhibitory effect on pollen tube growth. Using flow-through chambers, we show that growth retardation starts after 10 min treatment with 2 nM Lat-B, and by 15-20 min reaches a basal rate of 0.1-0.2 µm/s, during which the pollen tube exhibits relatively few oscillations. If treated for 30 min, complete stoppage of growth can occur. Studies on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration indicate that the tip-focused gradient declines in parallel with the inhibition of growth. Tubes exhibiting non-oscillating growth display a similarly reduced and non-oscillating Ca2+ gradient. Studies on the pH gradient indicate that Lat-B eliminates the acidic domain at the extreme apex, and causes the alkaline band to move more closely to the tip. Removing Lat-B and returning the cells to control medium reverses these effects. Phalloidin staining of F-actin reveals that 2 nM Lat-B degrades the cortical fringe; it also disorganizes the microfilaments in the shank causing the longitudinally oriented elements to be disposed in swirls. Cytoplasmic streaming continues under these conditions, however the clear zone is obliterated with all organelles moving into and through the extreme apex of the tube. We suggest that actin polymerization promotes pollen tube growth through extension of the cortical actin fringe, which serves as a track to target cell wall vesicles to preferred exocytotic sites on the plasma membrane.
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