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Plant Physiology Preview Published on February 20, 2008; 10.1104/pp.107.113217
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received November 16, 2007 DNA Binding Study Identifies C-box and Hybrid C/G-box or C/A-box Motifs as High-Affinity Binding Sites for STF1 and HY5 Proteins
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea; Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA * Corresponding author; email: jchong{at}gnu.ac.kr.
LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that activates photomorphogenesis and root development in Arabidopsis. Previously, SOYBEAN TGACG-MOTIF BINDING Factor 1 (STF1), a homologous legume protein with a RING-finger motif and a bZIP domain, was reported in soybean. To investigate the role of STF1, the phenotypes of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing STF1 and HY5 were compared. In addition, the DNA-binding properties of STF1 and HY5 were extensively studied using random binding site selection and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Overexpression of STF1 in the hy5 mutant of Arabidopsis restored wild-type photomorphogenic and root development phenotypes of short hypocotyl, accumulation of chlorophyll, and root gravitropism with partial restoration of anthocyanin accumulation. This supports that STF1 is a homolog of HY5 with a role in light and hormone signaling. The DNA-binding properties of STF1 and HY5 are shown to be similar to each other in recognizing many ACGT-containing elements (ACEs) with a consensus sequence motif of 5'-(G/A)(G/A)TGACGT(C/G/A)(A/T/G)-3. The motif represents a characteristically strong preference for flanking sequence to TGACGT and a larger sequence than the sequences recognized by the G-box binding factor (GBF) and TGA protein families. The finding of C-box, hybrid C/G-, and C/A-boxes as high-affinity binding sites over the G-box and parameters associated with HY5 recognition define the criteria of HY5/STF1 protein-DNA interaction in the promoter regions. This study helps to predict the precise in vivo binding sites of the HY5 protein from the vast number of putative HY5 genomic binding sites analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip (ChIP-chip) (Lee et al., 2007).
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