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Published on December 27, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.113480

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Received November 19, 2007
Accepted December 13, 2007

Quantitative conversion of phytate to inorganic phosphorus in soybean seeds expressing a bacterial phytase

Kristin D. Bilyeu , Peiyu Zeng , Patricia Coello , Zhanyuan J. Zhang , Hari B. Krishnan , April Bailey , Paul R. Beuselinck , and Joe C. Polacco *

USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biochemistry Department, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211

* Corresponding author; email: polaccoj{at}missouri.edu.

Phytic acid contains the major portion of the phosphorus in the soybean seed and chelates divalent cations. During germination both minerals and phosphate are released upon phytase-catalyzed degradation of phytic acid. We generated a soybean line (CAPPA) in which an E. coli periplasmic phytase, the product of the appA gene, was expressed in the cytoplasm of developing cotyledons. CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression, ≥90% reduction in seed phytic acid and concomitant increases in total free phosphate. These traits were stable, and although resulted in a trend for reduced emergence and a statistically significant reduction in germination rates, had no effect on the number of seeds per plant or seed weight. Since phytate is not digested by monogastric animals, untreated soymeal does not provide monogastrics sufficient phosphorus and minerals, and phytic acid in the waste stream leads to phosphorus run-off. The expression of a cytoplasmic phytase in the CAPPA line therefore improves phosphorus availability, and surpasses gains achieved by other reported transgenic and mutational strategies by combining in seeds both high phytase expression and significant increases in available phosphorus. Thus, in addition to its value as a high-phosphate meal source, soymeal from CAPPA could be used to convert phytic acid of admixed meals, such as cornmeal, directly to utilizable inorganic phosphorus.




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