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Published on April 9, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.116293

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Received January 13, 2008
Accepted April 2, 2008

Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma, in plant root colonization

Yariv Brotman , Eden Briff , Ada Viterbo *, and Ilan Chet

The Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel

* Corresponding author; email: viterbo{at}agri.huji.ac.il.

Swollenin, a protein first characterized in the saprophytic fungus Trichoderma reesei (Saloheimo et al., 2000), contains an N-terminal Carbohydrate Binding Module Family 1 domain (CBD) and a C-terminal expansin-like domain. This protein was identified by LC/MS among many other cellulolytic proteins secreted in the co-culture hydroponics medium of cucumber seedlings and Trichoderma asperellum, a well known biocontrol agent and inducer of plant defense responses. The swollenin gene was isolated and its coding region was overexpressed in the same strain, under the control of the constitutive pki1 promoter. Trichoderma transformants showed a remarkably increased ability to colonize cucumber roots within 6 hours after inoculation. On the other hand, overexpressors of a truncated swollenin sequence bearing a 36-amino acid deletion of the CBD, did not differ from the wild type, showing in vivo, that this domain is necessary for full protein activity. Root colonization rates were reduced in transformants silenced in swollenin gene expression. A synthetic 36-mer swollenin CBD peptide was shown to be capable of stimulating local defense responses in cucumber roots and leaves and to afford local protection towards Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans infection. This indicates that the CBD domain might be recognized by the plant as a microbe associated pattern (MAMP) in the Trichoderma-plant interaction.




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