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Published on March 7, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.117028

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Received January 30, 2008
Accepted March 3, 2008

A Third Phytoene Synthase is Devoted to Abiotic Stress-Induced ABA Formation in Rice and Defines Functional Diversification of PSYs

Ralf Welsch , Florian Wust , Cornelia Bar , Salim Al-Babili , and Peter Beyer *

Faculty of Biology, Center for Applied Biosciences, University of Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: peter.beyer{at}biologie.uni-freiburg.de.

We here report on the characterization of a novel third phytoene synthase gene (PSY) in rice, OsPSY3, and on the differences among all three PSY genes with respect to the tissue-specific expression and regulation upon various environmental stimuli. The two already known PSYs are under phytochrome control and involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in photosynthetically active tissues and exhibit different expression patterns during chloroplast development. In contrast, OsPSY3 transcript levels are not affected by light and show almost no tissue-specific differences. Rather, OsPSY3 transcripts are upregulated during increased ABA formation upon salt treatment and drought, especially in roots. The simultaneous induction of genes encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid-dioxygenases (NCEDs), involved in the initial steps of ABA biosynthesis, indicate that decreased xanthophyll levels are compensated by the induction of the third PSY gene. Furthermore, OsPSY3 and the OsNCEDs investigated were also induced by the application of ABA, indicating positive feedback regulation. The regulatory differences are mirrored by cis-acting elements in the corresponding promoter regions, with light-responsive elements for OsPSY1 and OsPSY2, and an ABRE-CE element for OsPSY3. The investigation of the gene structures and 5'UTR regions revealed that OsPSY1 represents a descendant of an ancient PSY gene present in the common ancestor of monocots and dicots. Since the genomic structures of OsPSY2 and OsPSY3 are comparable, it is concluded that they originated from the most recent common ancestor, OsPSY1.




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