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Plant Physiology Preview Published on May 14, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.117622
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received February 25, 2008 Circadian timekeeping during early Arabidopsis development
Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, 6044 Gilman Laboratories, Hanover, NH 03755-3576, USA * Corresponding author; email: mcclung{at}dartmouth.edu.
The circadian coordination of organismal biology with the local temporal environment has consequences for fitness that may become manifest early in development. We directly explored the development of the Arabidopsis clock in germinating seedlings by monitoring expression of clock genes. Clock function is detected within two days of imbibition (hydration of the dried seed). Imbibition is sufficient to synchronize individuals in a population in the absence of entraining cycles of light-dark or temperature, although light-dark and temperature cycles accelerate the appearance of rhythmicity and improve synchrony among individuals. Oscillations seen during the first two days following imbibition are dependent on the clock genes LHY, TOC1, ZTL, GI, PRR7 and PRR9, although later circadian oscillations develop in mutants defective in each of these genes. In contrast to circadian rhythmicity, which developed under all conditions, amplitude was the only circadian parameter that demonstrated a clear response to the light environment; clock amplitude is low in the dark and high in the light. A circadian clock entrainable by temperature cycles in germinating etiolated seedlings may synchronize the buried seedling with the local daily cycles before emergence from the soil and exposure to light.
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