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Published on June 20, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.118364

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Received February 25, 2008
Accepted June 2, 2008

RGE1, a new bHLH protein, expresses in endosperm to control embryo growth

Youichi Kondou , Miki Nakazawa , Mika Kawashima , Takanari Ichikawa , Takeshi Yoshizumi , Kumiko Suzuki , Akie Ishikawa , Tomoko Koshi , Ryo Matsui , Shu Muto , and Minami Matsui *

Plant Functional Genomics Research Team, Plant Functional Genomics Research Group, Plant Science Center, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; VALWAY Technology Center, NEC Soft. Co. Ltd. 1-18-7 Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-8627, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: minami{at}riken.jp.

We have isolated two dominant mutants from screening approximately 50,000 RIKEN activation-tagging lines that have short inflorescence internodes. The activation T-DNAs were inserted near a putative bHLH gene and expression of this gene was increased in the mutant lines. Over-expression of this bHLH gene produced the original mutant phenotype indicating it was responsible for the mutants. Specific expression was observed during seed development. The loss-of-function mutation of the RGE1 gene caused small and shriveled seeds. The embryo of the loss-of-function mutant showed retarded growth after the heart stage although abnormal morphogenesis and pattern formation of the embryo and endosperm was not observed. We named this bHLH gene RGE1 (RETRADED GROWTH OF EMBRYO 1). RGE1 expression was determined in endosperm cells using the {beta}-glucuronidase reporter gene and RT-PCR. Microarray and real-time RT-PCR analysis showed specific down-regulation of putative GDSL motif lipase genes in the rge1-1 mutant indicating possible involvement of these genes in seed morphology. These data suggest that RGE1 expression in the endosperm at the heart stage of embryo development plays an important role in controling embryo growth.




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