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Published on July 25, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.119107

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Received March 13, 2008
Accepted July 20, 2008

Transfer of plastid DNA to the nucleus is elevated during male gametogenesis in tobacco

Anna E. Sheppard , Michael A. Ayliffe , Laura Blatch , Anil Day , Sven K. Delaney , Norfarhana Khairul-Fahmy , Yuan Li , Panagiotis Madesis , Anthony J. Pryor , and Jeremy N. Timmis *

School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia; Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

* Corresponding author; email: jeremy.timmis{at}adelaide.edu.au.

In eukaryotes, many genes were transferred to the nucleus from prokaryotic ancestors of the cytoplasmic organelles during endosymbiotic evolution. In plants, the transfer of genetic material from the plastid (chloroplast) and mitochondrion to the nucleus are continuing processes. The cellular location of a kanamycin resistance gene tailored for nuclear expression (35SneoSTLS2) was monitored in the progeny of reciprocal crosses of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in which, at the start of the experiments, the reporter gene was confined either to the male or the female parental plastid genome. Among 146,000 progeny from crosses where the transplastomic parent was male, 13 transposition events were identified whereas only one atypical transposition was identified in a screen of 273,000 transplastomic ovules. In a second experiment, a transplastomic GUS reporter gene, tailored to be expressed only in the nucleus, showed frequent stochastic expression that was confined to the cytoplasm in the somatic cells of several plant tissues. This gene was stably transferred in two out of 98,000 seedlings derived from a male transplastomic line crossed with female wild type. These data demonstrate relocation of chloroplast DNA to the nucleus in both somatic and gametophytic tissue, and reveal a large elevation of the frequency of transposition in the male germline. The results suggest a new explanation for the occurrence of uniparental inheritance in eukaryotes.




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Y. Brandvain and M. J. Wade
The Functional Transfer of Genes From the Mitochondria to the Nucleus: The Effects of Selection, Mutation, Population Size and Rate of Self-Fertilization
Genetics, August 1, 2009; 182(4): 1129 - 1139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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