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Published on June 6, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.119529

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Received March 23, 2008
Accepted May 27, 2008

A class one ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein is critical for maintaining directional root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cheol-Min Yoo , Jiangqi Wen , Christy M. Motes , J. Alan Sparks , and Elison B. Blancaflor *

Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA

Membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics are important cellular processes that drive tip growth in root hairs. These processes interact with multitude signaling pathways that allow for the efficient transfer of information to specify the direction in which tip growth occurs. Here we show that AGD1, a class one ADP ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein (ARF-GAP), is important for maintaining straight growth in Arabidopsis root hairs since mutations in the AGD1 gene resulted in wavy root hair growth. Live cell imaging of growing agd1 root hairs revealed bundles of endoplasmic microtubules and actin filaments extending into the extreme tip. The wavy phenotype and pattern of cytoskeletal distribution in root hairs of agd1 partially resembled that of mutants in an armadillo-repeat containing kinesin (ARK1). Root hairs of double agd1/ark1 mutants were more severely deformed compared to single mutants. Organelle trafficking as revealed by a fluorescent Golgi marker was slightly inhibited and Golgi stacks frequently protruded into the extreme root hair apex of agd1 mutants. Transient expression of GFP-AGD1 in tobacco epidermal cells labeled punctate bodies that partially colocalized with the endocytic marker, FM4-64, while ARK1-YFP associated with microtubules. Brefeldin A rescued the phenotype of agd1 indicating that the altered activity of an AGD1-dependent ARF contributes to the defective growth, organelle trafficking and cytoskeletal organization of agd1 root hairs. We propose that AGD1, a regulator of membrane trafficking and ARK1, a microtubule motor, are components of converging signaling pathways that impact cytoskeletal organization to specify growth orientation in Arabidopsis root hairs.




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S. J. Liljegren, M. E. Leslie, L. Darnielle, M. W. Lewis, S. M. Taylor, R. Luo, N. Geldner, J. Chory, P. A. Randazzo, M. F. Yanofsky, et al.
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. Y. Cheung and S. C. de Vries
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