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Published on June 26, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.120238

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Received March 31, 2008
Accepted June 19, 2008

An ABA-Induced Protein HVA22 Inhibits GA-Mediated Programmed Cell Death in Cereal Aleurone Cells

Woei-Jiun Guo and Thun-Hua David Ho *

Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

* Corresponding author; email: ho{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw.

Plant HVA22 is a unique ABA/stress-induced protein first isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone cells. Its yeast homolog, Yop1p, functions in vesicular trafficking and to comprise ER network in vivo. To examine the roles of plant HVA22, barley HVA22 was ectopically expressed in barley aleurone cells. Overexpression of HVA22 proteins inhibited GA-induced formation of large digestive vacuoles, which is an important aspect of GA-induced programmed cell death in aleurone cells. The effect of HVA22 was specific because overexpression of GFP or another ABA-induced protein, HVA1, did not lead to the same effect. HVA22 acts downstream of the transcription factor GAMyb that activates programmed cell death and other GA-mediated processes. Moreover, expression of HVA22:GFP fusion proteins showed network and punctate fluorescence patterns, which were colocalized with an ER marker, Bip:RFP, and an Golgi marker, ST:mRFP, respectively. In particular, the transmembrane domain 2 was critical for the protein localization and stability. Ectopic expression of the most phylogenetically similar Arabidopsis homolog, AtHVA22D, also resulted in inhibition of vacuolation to a similar level as HVA22, indicating function conservation between barley HVA22 and some Arabidopsis homologs. Taken together, we show that HVA22 is an ER and Golgi-localized protein capable of negatively regulating GA-mediated vacuolation/programmed cell death in barley aleurone cells. We propose that ABA induces accumulation of HVA22 proteins to inhibit vesicular trafficking involved in nutrient mobilization to delay coalescence of protein storage vacuoles as a part of its role in regulating seed germination and seedling growth.




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