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Published on July 23, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.121038

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Received April 23, 2008
Accepted July 21, 2008

Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection

Jose Trinidad Ascencio-Ibanez *, Rosangela Sozzani , Tae-Jin Lee , Tzu-Ming Chu , Russell D. Wolfinger , Rino Cella , and Linda Hanley-Bowdoin

Departments of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; SAS Institute Inc., 100 SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513-2414

* Corresponding author; email: jtascenc{at}ncsu.edu.

Geminiviruses are small DNA viruses that use plant replication machinery to amplify their genomes. Microarray analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome in response to Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) infection uncovered 5365 genes (FDR < 0.005) differentially expressed in infected rosette leaves at 12 days post inoculation. Data mining revealed that CaLCuV triggers a pathogen response via the salicylic acid pathway and induces expression of genes involved in programmed cell death, genotoxic stress, and DNA repair. CaLCuV also altered expression of cell cycle-associated genes, preferentially activating genes expressed during S and G2 and inhibiting genes active in G1 and M. A limited set of core cell cycle genes associated with cell cycle re-entry, late G1, S and early G2 had increased RNA levels, while core cell cycle genes linked to early G1 and late G2 had reduced transcripts. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of nuclei from infected leaves revealed a depletion of the 4C population and an increase in 8C, 16C and 32C nuclei. Infectivity studies of transgenic Arabidopsis showed that over expression of CYCD3;1 or E2FB, both of which promote the mitotic cell cycle, strongly impaired CaLCuV infection. In contrast, over expression of E2FA or E2FC, which can facilitate the endocycle, had no apparent effect. These results showed that geminiviruses and RNA viruses interface with the host pathogen response via a common mechanism, and that geminiviruses modulate plant cell cycle status by differentially impacting the CYCD/RBR/E2F regulatory network and facilitating progression into the endocycle.




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