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Published on June 20, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.121335

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Received April 18, 2008
Accepted June 10, 2008

Glycerol-3-phosphate levels are associated with basal resistance to the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum in Arabidopsis

Bidisha Chanda , Srivathsa C. Venugopal , Saurabh Kulshrestha , Duroy A. Navarre , Bruce Downie , Lisa Vaillancourt , Aardra Kachroo , and Pradeep Kachroo *

Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University Prosser, WA 99350; Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546

* Corresponding author; email: pk62{at}uky.edu.

Glycerol-3-phosphate is an important component of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes. In this study, we provide evidence that glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) levels in plants are associated with defense to a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. Inoculation of Arabidopsis with C. higginsianum was correlated with an increase in G3P levels, and a concomitant decrease in glycerol levels, in the host. Plants impaired in utilization of plastidal G3P (act1), accumulated elevated levels of pathogen-induced G3P and displayed enhanced resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of the host GLY1 gene, which encodes a G3P dehydrogenase (G3Pdh), conferred enhanced resistance. In contrast, the gly1 mutant accumulated reduced levels of G3P after pathogen inoculation, and showed enhanced susceptibility to C. higginsianum. Unlike gly1, a mutation in a cytosolic isoform of G3Pdh did not alter basal resistance to C. higginsianum. Furthermore, act1 gly1 double mutant plants were as susceptible as the gly1 plants. Increased resistance or susceptibility of act1 and gly1 plants to C. higginsianum, respectively, was not due to effects of these mutations on salicylic acid- or ethylene-mediated defense pathways. The act1 mutation restored a wild-type-like response in camalexin deficient, pad3 plants, which were hypersusceptible to C. higginsianum. These data suggest that G3P-associated resistance to C. higginsianum occurs independently or downstream of the camalexin pathway. Together, these results suggest a novel and specific link between G3P metabolism and plant defense.






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