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Plant Physiology Preview Published on September 19, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.121913
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received April 23, 2008 MAP20, a microtubule-associated protein in the secondary cell walls of Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx is a target of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile
KTH Biotechnology, Swedish Center of Biomimetic Fiber Engineering, AlbaNova, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Umea Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SE–90183 Umea, Sweden; Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE–10691 Stockholm, Sweden * Corresponding author; email: Tuula{at}biotech.kth.se.
We have identified a gene, denoted PttMAP20, which is strongly upregulated during secondary cell wall synthesis and tightly co-regulated with the secondary wall associated CESA genes in hybrid aspen, Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx. Immunolocalization studies with affinity purified antibodies specific for PttMAP20 revealed that the protein is found in all cell types in developing xylem and that it is most abundant in cells forming secondary cell walls. This PttMAP20 protein sequence contains a highly conserved TPX2 domain first identified in a microtubule-associated protein in Xenopus. Overexpression of PttMAP20 in Arabidopsis leads to helical twisting of epidermal cells, frequently associated with microtubule associated proteins. In addition, a PttMAP20-YFP fusion protein expressed in tobacco leaves localizes to microtubules in leaf epidermal pavement cells. Recombinant PttMAP20 expressed in E. coli also binds specifically to in vitro assembled, taxol stabilized bovine microtubules. Finally, the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB), which inhibits cellulose synthesis in plants, was found to bind specifically to PttMAP20. Together with the known function of cortical microtubules in orienting cellulose microfibrils, these observations suggest that PttMAP20 has a role in cellulose biosynthesis.
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