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Published on September 3, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.121939

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Received April 25, 2008
Accepted August 29, 2008

Functional Analysis of the Cellulose Synthase Like Genes CSLD1, CSLD2 and CSLD4 In Tip Growing Arabidopsis Cells

Adriana J. Bernal , Cheol-Min Yoo , Marek Mutwil , Jakob Kruger Jensen , Guichuan Hou , Claudia Blaukopf , Iben Sorensen , Elison B. Blancaflor , Henrik Vibe Scheller , and William G.T. Willats *

Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocentre, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Dewel Microscopy Facility, Appalachian State University, NC 28608

* Corresponding author; email: willats{at}bio.ku.dk.

A reverse genetic approach was used to investigate the functions of three members of the cellulose synthase super family in Arabidopsis thaliana, CSLD1, CSLD2 and CSLD4. CSLD2 is required for normal root hair growth but has a different role to that previously described for CSLD3 (KOJAK). CSLD2 is required during a later stage of hair development than CSLD3 and CSLD2 mutants produce root hairs with a range of abnormalities with many root hairs rupturing late in development. Remarkably though, it was often the case that in CSLD2 mutants, tip growth would resume after rupturing of root hairs. In silico, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and promoter-reporter construct analyses indicated that the expression of both CSLD2 and CSLD3 is elevated at reduced temperatures and the phenotypes of mutants homozygous for insertions in these genes were partially rescued by reduced temperature growth. However, this was not the case for a double mutant homozygous for insertions in both CSLD2 and CSLD3 suggesting that there may be partial redundancy in the functions of these genes. Mutants in CSLD1 and CSLD4 had a defect in male transmission and plants heterozygous for insertions in CSLD1 or CSLD4 were defective in their ability to produce pollen tubes - although the number and morphology of pollen grains was normal. We propose that the CSLD family of putative glycosyltransferases synthesise a polysaccharide that has a specialized structural role in the cell walls of tip growing cells.






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