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Published on June 26, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.122614

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Received May 21, 2008
Accepted June 15, 2008

Apoplastic polyamine oxidation plays different roles in local responses of tobacco to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the biotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava

Maria Marina , Santiago Javier Maiale , Franco Ruben Rossi , Matias Fernando Romero , Elisa Isabel Rivas , Andres Garriz , Oscar Adolfo Ruiz , and Fernando Luis Pieckenstain *

Unidad de Biotecnologia 1, Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus/Universidad Nacional de General San Martin-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET); Camino Circunvalacion Laguna, Km. 6 CC 164 (B7130IWA) Chascomus, Argentina

* Corresponding author; email: pieckenstain{at}intech.gov.ar.

The role of polyamine (PA) metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) defense against pathogens with contrasting pathogenic strategies was evaluated. Infection by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resulted in increased arginine decarboxylase expression and activity in host tissues, as well as putrescine and spermine accumulation in leaf apoplast. Enhancement of leaf PA levels, either by using transgenic plants or infiltration with exogenous PAs, led to increased necrosis due to infection by S. sclerotiorum. Specific inhibition of diamine and polyamine oxidases (DAO and PAO) attenuated the PA-induced enhancement of leaf necrosis during fungal infection. When tobacco responses to infection by the biotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava were investigated, an increase of apoplastic spermine levels was detected. Enhancement of host PA levels by the above-described experimental approaches strongly decreased in planta bacterial growth, an effect that was blocked by a PAO inhibitor.

It can be concluded that accumulation and further oxidation of free PAs in the leaf apoplast of tobacco plants occurs in a similar, although not identical way during tobacco defense against infection by microorganisms with contrasting pathogenesis strategies. This response affects pathogen's ability to colonize host tissues and results detrimental for plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens that feed on necrotic tissue and, on the contrary, plays a beneficial role in defense against biotrophic pathogens that depend on living tissue for successful host colonization. Thus, apoplastic PAs play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions, and modulation of host PA levels, particularly in the leaf apoplast, may lead to significant changes in host susceptibility to different kinds of pathogens.




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A. A. Rodriguez, S. J. Maiale, A. B. Menendez, and O. A. Ruiz
Polyamine oxidase activity contributes to sustain maize leaf elongation under saline stress
J. Exp. Bot., November 1, 2009; 60(15): 4249 - 4262.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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