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Published on August 13, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.122945

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Received May 14, 2008
Accepted July 25, 2008

Putrescine is involved in Arabidopsis freezing tolerance and cold acclimation by regulating ABA levels in response to low temperature

Juan C. Cuevas , Rosa Lopez-Cobollo , Ruben Alcazar , Xavier Zarza , Csaba Koncz , Teresa Altabella , Julio Salinas , Antonio F. Tiburcio , and Alejandro Ferrando *

Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain,; Departamento de Biotecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruna, Km.7, 28040 Madrid, Spain,; Max-Planck Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D-50829 Koln, Germany; Departamento de Biologia de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain,; Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Campus de Burjassot. Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain,

* Corresponding author; email: alejandro.ferrando{at}uv.es.

The levels of endogenous polyamines have been shown to increase in plant cells challenged with low temperature, however the functions of polyamines in the regulation of cold stress responses are unknown. Here we show that the accumulation of putrescine under cold stress is essential for proper cold-acclimation and survival at freezing temperatures, since Arabidopsis mutants defective in putrescine biosynthesis (adc1, adc2) display reduced freezing tolerance compared to wild type plants. Genes ADC1 and ADC2 show different transcriptional profile upon cold treatment, however they show similar and redundant contributions to cold responses in terms of putrescine accumulation kinetics and freezing sensitivity. Our data also demonstrate that detrimental consequences of putrescine depletion during cold stress are due, at least in part, to alterations in the levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Reduced expression of NCED3, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, and downregulation of ABA-regulated genes are detected in both adc1 and adc2 mutant plants under cold stress. Complementation analysis of adc mutants with ABA, and reciprocal complementation tests of aba2-3 mutant with putrescine support the conclusion that putrescine controls the levels of ABA in response to low temperature by modulating ABA biosynthesis and gene expression.




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A. Ben Hassine, M. E. Ghanem, S. Bouzid, and S. Lutts
Abscisic acid has contrasting effects on salt excretion and polyamine concentrations of an inland and a coastal population of the Mediterranean xero-halophyte species Atriplex halimus
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