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Published on August 1, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.124917

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Received June 21, 2008
Accepted July 21, 2008

Two new clock proteins, LWD1 and LWD2, regulate Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering

Jing-Fen Wu , Ying Wang , and Shu-Hsing Wu

Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei 114, Taiwan

The "light" signal from the environment sets the circadian clock to regulate multiple physiological processes for optimal rhythmic growth and development. One such process is the control of flowering time by photoperiod perception in plants. In Arabidopsis, the flowering time is determined by the correct interconnection of light input and signal output by the circadian clock. The identification of additional clock proteins will help to better dissect the complex nature of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. Here we show LWD1/LWD2 as new clock proteins involved in photoperiod control. The lwd1lwd2 double mutant has an early flowering phenotype, contributed by the significant phase shift of CO and, therefore, an increased expression of FT before dusk. Under entrainment conditions, the expression phase of oscillator (CCA1, LHY, TOC1 and ELF4) and output (GI, FKF1, CDF1, CO and FT) genes in the photoperiod pathway shifts ~3 hr forward in the lwd1lwd2 double mutant. Both the oscillator (CCA1, LHY, TOC1 and ELF4) and output (CCR2 and CAB2) genes have a short period length in the lwd1lwd2 double mutant. Our data imply that LWD1/LWD2 proteins function in close proximity to or within the circadian clock for photoperiodic flowering control.




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