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Published on August 1, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.125690

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Received July 4, 2008
Accepted July 27, 2008

Singlet oxygen is the major reactive oxygen species involved in photo-oxidative damage to plants

Christian Triantaphylides *, Markus Krischke , Frank Alfons Hoeberichts , Brigitte Ksas , Gabriele Gresser , Michel Havaux , Frank Van Breusegem , and Martin Johannes Mueller

Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Ecophysiologie Moleculaire des Plantes, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche, Biologie Vegetale et Microbiologie Environnementale, and Universite d'Aix Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France; Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium

* Corresponding author; email: ctriantaphylid{at}cea.fr.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules but can also directly provoke cellular damage by rapidly oxidizing cellular components, including lipids. We developed an HPLC-electrospray ionization-MS/MS-based quantitative method that allowed to discriminate between free radical (type I) and singlet oxygen (type II) mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO) signatures by using hydroxy fatty acids as specific reporters. Using this method we observed that in non-photosynthesizing Arabidopsis thaliana tissues non-enzymatic LPO was almost exclusively catalyzed by free radicals both under normal and oxidative stress conditions. However in leaf tissues under optimal growth conditions, singlet oxygen was responsible for more than 80% of the non-enzymatic LPO. In Arabidopsis mutants favoring singlet oxygen production, photo-oxidative stress led to a dramatic increase of singlet oxygen (type II) LPO that preceded cell death. Furthermore, under all conditions and in mutants that favor the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (two sources for type I LPO reactions), plant cell death was nevertheless always preceded by an increase in singlet oxygen dependent (type II) LPO. Thus, besides triggering a genetic cell death program, as demonstrated previously with the Arabidopsis fluorescent (flu) mutant, singlet oxygen plays a major destructive role during the execution of ROS-induced cell death in leaf tissues.




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