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Published on November 12, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.125989

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Received July 8, 2008
Accepted November 5, 2008

Differential response of poplar (P. x canescens) leaves and roots underpins stress adaptation during hypoxia

Jurgen Kreuzwieser *, Jost Hauberg , Katharine A. Howell , Adam Carroll , Heinz Rennenberg , A. Harvey Millar , and James Whelan

Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg; Institut fur Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie; Professur fur Baumphysiologie, Georges-Kohler-Allee Geb. 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg i. Br., Germany; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, M316 Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: juergen.kreuzwieser{at}ctp.uni-freiburg.de.

The molecular and physiological responses of Grey poplar (Populus x canescens) following root hypoxia were studied in roots and leaves using transcript and metabolite profiling. The results indicate that there were changes in metabolite levels in both organs, but changes in transcript abundance were restricted to the roots. In roots, starch and sucrose degradation were altered under hypoxia, and concurrently, the availability of carbohydrates was enhanced, concomitant with depletion of sucrose from leaves and elevation of sucrose in the phloem. Consistent with the above, glycolytic flux and ethanolic fermentation were stimulated in roots but not leaves. Various mRNAs encoding components of biosynthetic pathways such as secondary cell wall formation, i.e. cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, and other energy demanding processes such as transport of nutrients, were significantly down-regulated in roots but not in leaves. The reduction of biosynthesis was unexpected, as shoot growth was not affected by root hypoxia suggesting that the up-regulation of glycolysis yields sufficient energy to maintain growth. Besides carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism was severely affected in roots as seen from numerous changes in the transcriptome and the metabolome related to N uptake, N assimilation, and amino acid metabolism. The coordinated physiological and molecular responses in leaves and roots, coupled with transport of metabolites reveal important stress adaptations to ensure survival during long periods of root hypoxia.




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