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Published on October 29, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.127050

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Received July 25, 2008
Accepted October 26, 2008

Detection of Spatial-Specific Phytochrome Responses using Targeted Expression of Biliverdin Reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sankalpi N. Warnasooriya and Beronda L. Montgomery *

Department of Energy — Plant Research Laboratory; Genetics Graduate Program; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA

* Corresponding author; email: montg133{at}msu.edu.

To regulate levels of holophytochrome in a spatial-specific manner and investigate the major sites of action of phytochromes during seedling development, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant lines expressing plastid-targeted mammalian biliverdin IX{alpha} reductase (pBVR) under regulatory control of CAB3 and MERI5 promoters. Comparative photobiological and phenotypic analyses indicated that spatial-specific expression of pBVR led to the disruption of distinct subsets of phytochrome-regulated responses for different promoters. pBVR expression in photosynthetic tissues (CAB3::pBVR lines) had intermediate effects on chlorophyll accumulation, carotenoid production, anthocyanin synthesis, and leaf development responses in white-light conditions. CAB3::pBVR expression, however, resulted in distinctive phenotypes in far-red (FR) conditions. A number of FR high irradiance responses (FR-HIR) were disrupted in CAB::pBVR lines, including FR-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation. By contrast, preferential expression of pBVR in the shoot apical meristem in MERI5::pBVR lines resulted in a phytochrome-deficient, leaf development phenotype under short-day growth conditions. These results implicate leaf-localized phyA as having a unique role in regulating FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation, and meristem- and/or leaf primordia-localized phytochromes as having a novel role in phytochrome-dependent responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of selectively inactivating distinct phytochrome-mediated responses by regulated expression of BVR in transgenic plants—a novel means to investigate the sites of phytochrome photoperception and to regulate specifically light-mediated plant growth and development.




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