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Published on October 22, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.127878

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Received August 11, 2008
Accepted October 17, 2008

Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r-induced systemic resistance in rice against Magnaporthe oryzae is based on pseudobactin-mediated priming for a salicylic acid-repressible multifaceted defense response

David De Vleesschauwer , Peter A.H.M. Bakker , Mohammad Djavaheri , and Monica Hofte *

Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Plant Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author; email: monica.hofte{at}ugent.be.

Selected strains of non-pathogenic rhizobacteria can reduce disease in foliar tissues through induction of a defense state known as induced systemic resistance (ISR). Compared to the large body of information on ISR in dicotyledonous plants, little is known about the mechanisms underlying rhizobacteria-induced resistance in cereal crops. Here, we demonstrate the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r to trigger ISR in rice against the leaf blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Using salicylic acid-nonaccumulating NahG rice, an ethylene-insensitive OsEIN2 antisense line and the jasmonate-deficient mutant hebiba, we show that this WCS374r-induced resistance is regulated by an SA-independent but JA/ET-modulated signal transduction pathway. Bacterial mutant analysis uncovered a pseudobactin-type siderophore as the crucial determinant responsible for ISR elicitation. Root application of WCS374r-derived pseudobactin (Psb374) primed naive leaves for accelerated expression of a pronounced multifaceted defense response, comprising rapid recruitment of phenolic compounds at sites of pathogen entry, concerted expression of a diverse set of structural defenses, and a timely hyperinduction of H2O2 formation putatively driving cell wall fortification. Exogenous SA application alleviated this Psb374-modulated defense priming, while Psb374 pretreatment antagonized infection-induced transcription of SA-responsive PR genes, suggesting that the Psb374- and SA-modulated signaling pathways are mutually antagonistic. Interestingly, in sharp contrast to WCS374r-mediated ISR, chemical induction of blast resistance by the SA analog benzothiadiazole was independent of JA/ET signaling and involved potentiation of SA-responsive gene expression. Together, these results offer novel insights into the signaling circuitry governing induced resistance against M. oryzae and suggest that rice is endowed with multiple blast-effective resistance pathways.




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