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Published on September 19, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.128439

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Received August 26, 2008
Accepted September 16, 2008

High Glycolate Oxidase Activity is Required for Survival of Maize in Normal Air

Israel Zelitch *, Neil P. Schultes , Richard B. Peterson , Patrick Brown , and Thomas P. Brutnell

Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511; Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

* Corresponding author; email: Israel.Zelitch{at}po.state.ct.us.

A mutant in the maize (Zea mays) Glycolate Oxidase 1 (GO1) gene was characterized to investigate the role of photorespiration in C4 photosynthesis. An Ac-induced allele of GO1 conditioned a seedling lethal phenotype when homozygous and had 5% to 10% of wild type GO activity. Growth of seedlings in high CO2 (1%-5%) was sufficient to rescue the mutant phenotype. Upon transfer to normal air, the go1 mutant became necrotic within 7 days and plants died within 15 days. Providing [1-14C]glycolate to leaf tissue of go1 mutants in darkness confirmed that the substrate is inefficiently converted to 14CO2, but both wild type and GO-deficient mutant seedlings metabolized [1-14C]glycine similarly to produce [14C]serine and 14CO2 in a 1:1 ratio suggesting that the photorespiratory pathway is otherwise normal in the mutant. The net CO2 assimilation rate in wild type leaves was only slightly inhibited in 50% O2 in high light, but decreased rapidly and linearly with time in leaves with low GO. When go1 mutants were shifted from high CO2 to air in light they accumulated glycolate linearly for 6 hours to levels 7-fold higher than wild type, and 11-fold higher after 25 hours. These studies show that C4 photosynthesis in maize is dependent on photorespiration throughout seedling development and support the view that the carbon oxidation pathway evolved to prevent accumulation of toxic glycolate.




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