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Published on November 5, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.129536

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Received September 8, 2008
Accepted November 3, 2008

Rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) infects Arabidopsis thaliana via a mechanism distinct from that required for the infection of rice

Ju-Young Park , Jianming Jin , Yin-Won Lee , Seogchan Kang , and Yong-Hwan Lee *

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea; Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

* Corresponding author; email: yonglee{at}snu.ac.kr.

Magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes rice blast. Although M. oryzae as a whole infects a wide variety of monocotyledonous hosts, no dicotyledonous plant has been reported as a host. We found that two rice pathogenic strains of M. oryzae, KJ201 and 70-15, interacted differentially with 16 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Strain KJ201 infected all ecotypes with varying degrees of virulence, whereas strain 70-15 caused no symptoms in certain ecotypes. In highly susceptible ecotypes, small chlorotic lesions appeared on infected leaves within 3 days post-inoculation and subsequently expanded across the affected leaves. The fungus produced spores in susceptible ecotypes, but not in resistant ecotypes. Fungal cultures recovered from necrotic lesions caused the same symptoms in healthy plants, satisfying Koch's postulates. Histochemical analyses showed that infection by the fungus caused an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and eventual cell death. Similar to the infection process in rice, the fungus differentiated to form appressorium and directly penetrated leaf surface in A. thaliana. However, the pathogenic mechanism in A. thaliana appears distinct from that in rice; three fungal genes essential for pathogenicity in rice played only limited roles in causing disease symptoms in A. thaliana, and the fungus seems to colonize A. thaliana as a necrotroph through the secretion of phytotoxic compound(s), including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. Expression of PR-1 and PDF1.2 was induced in response to infection by the fungus, suggesting the activation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways. However, the roles of these signaling pathways in defense against M. oryzae remain unclear. In combination with the wealth of genetic and genomic resources available for M. oryzae, this newly established pathosystem allows comparison of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and host defense in two well-studied model plants.




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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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