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Published on October 29, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.129890

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Received September 14, 2008
Accepted October 23, 2008

Bundle Sheath Leakiness and Light Limitation during C4 Leaf and Canopy CO2 Uptake

Johannes Kromdijk *, Hans E. Schepers , Fabrizio Albanito , Nuala Fitton , Faye Carroll , Michael B. Jones , John Finnan , Gary J. Lanigan , and Howard Griffiths

Physiological Ecology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Biobased Products, Agrotechnology and Food Science Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Teagasc, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland; Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environmental Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland

* Corresponding author; email: wk229{at}cam.ac.uk.

Perennial species with the C4 pathway hold promise for biomass-based energy sources. We have explored the extent that CO2 uptake of such species may be limited by light in a temperate climate. One energetic cost of the C4 pathway is the leakiness ({phi}) of bundle sheath (BS) tissues, whereby a variable proportion of the CO2, concentrated in BS cells, retro-diffuses back to the mesophyll (M). In this study we scale {phi} from leaf- to canopy-level of a Miscanthus crop (Miscanthus x giganteus hybrid) under field conditions, and model likely limitations to CO2 fixation. At the leaf level, measurements of photosynthesis coupled to on-line carbon isotope discrimination ({Delta}) showed that leaves within a 3.3 m canopy (LAI = 8.3) show a progressive increase in both {Delta} and {phi} as light decreases. A similar increase was observed at the ecosystem scale, where we used eddy covariance net ecosystem CO2 fluxes, together with isotopic profiles, to partition photosynthetic and respiratory isotopic flux densities (isofluxes) and derive canopy carbon isotope discrimination as an integrated proxy for {phi} at canopy level. Modelled values of canopy CO2-fixation using leaf-level measurements of {phi} suggest that around 49% of potential photosynthetic carbon gain is lost due to light limitation, whereas using {phi} determined independently from isofluxes at the canopy level, the reduction in canopy CO2 uptake is estimated at 21%. Based on these results we identify leakiness as an important limitation to CO2 uptake of crops with the C4 pathway.




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