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Published on January 28, 2009; 10.1104/pp.108.130369

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Received September 25, 2008
Accepted January 17, 2009

Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis

Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo , Lourdes Macias-Rodriguez , Carlos Cortes-Penagos , and Jose Lopez-Bucio *

Instituto de Investigaciones Quimico-Biologicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 58030 Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; Escuela de Quimico-Farmacobiologia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo

* Corresponding author; email: jbucio{at}zeus.umich.mx.

Trichoderma spp. belong to a class of free-living fungi beneficial to plants that are common in the rhizosphere. We investigated the role of auxin in regulating the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in response to inoculation with Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride by developing a plant-fungus interacting system. WT Arabidopsis seedlings inoculated with either T. virens or T. atroviride showed characteristic auxin-related phenotypes including increased biomass production and stimulated lateral root development. Mutations in genes involved in auxin transport or signaling AUX1, BIG, EIR1 and AXR1 were found to reduce the growth-promoting and root developmental effects of T. virens inoculation. When grown under axenic conditions, T. virens produced the auxin-related compounds indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde and indole-3-ethanol. A comparative analysis of all three indolic compounds provided detailed information about the structure-activity relationship based on their efficacy at modulating root system architecture, activation of auxin-regulated gene expression and rescue of the root hair-defective phenotype of the rhd6 auxin response Arabidopsis mutant. Our results highlight the important role of auxin signaling for plant growth promotion by Trichoderma virens.




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