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Plant Physiology Preview Published on October 31, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.131540
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received October 21, 2008 Antiquity and function of CASTOR and POLLUX, the twin ion channel-encoding genes key to the evolution of root symbioses in plants
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA * Corresponding author; email: hzhu4{at}uky.edu.
Root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria share a common signaling pathway in legumes. Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX, the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins. Here we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and non-legumes. Using rice (Oryza sativa) as a study system, we employ reverse genetic tools (knockout mutants and RNA interference) to demonstrate that Os-CASTOR and Os-POLLUX are indispensible for mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. Furthermore, a cross-species complementation test indicates that Os-POLLUX can restore nodulation, but not rhizobial infection, to a M. truncatula dmi1 mutant.
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