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Published on December 19, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.132720

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Received November 19, 2008
Accepted December 15, 2008

Ricinosomes predict programmed cell death leading to anther dehiscence in tomato

Adriano Senatore , Christopher P. Trobacher , and John S. Greenwood *

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1

* Corresponding author; email: jgreenwo{at}uoguelph.ca.

Successful development and dehiscence of the anther and release of pollen is dependent upon the programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum and other sporophytic tissues. Ultrastructural examination of the developing and dehiscing anther of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) revealed that cells of the interlocular septum, the connective tissue, the middle layer / endothecium and the epidermal cells surrounding the stomium all exhibit features consistent with progression through PCD. Ricinosomes, a subset of precursor protease vesicles that are unique to some incidences of plant PCD, were also present in all of these cell types. These novel organelles are known to harbour KDEL-tailed cysteine proteinases that act in the final stages of corpse processing following cell death. Indeed a Solanum lycopersicum KDEL-tailed cysteine proteinase, SlCysEP, was identified and its gene cloned, sequenced, and characterized. SlCysEP transcript and protein were restricted to the anthers of the senescing tomato flower. Present in the interlocular septum and in the epidermal cells surrounding the stomium relatively early in development, SlCysEP accumulates later in the sporophytic tissues surrounding the locules as dehiscence ensues. At the ultrastuctural level, immunogold labelling localized SlCysEP to the ricinosomes within the cells of these tissues, but not in the tapetum. It is suggested that the accumulation of SlCysEP and appearance of ricinosomes act as very early predictors of cell death in the tomato anther.




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