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Published on January 7, 2009; 10.1104/pp.108.133405


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Received November 28, 2008
Accepted January 3, 2009

The proteome of seed development in the model legume Lotus japonicus

Svend Dam , Brian S. Laursen , Jane H. Ornfelt , Bjarne Jochimsen , Hans Henrik Stærfeldt , Carsten Friis , Kasper Nielsen , Nicolas Goffard , Soren Besenbacher , Lene Krusell , Shusei Sato , Satoshi Tabata , Ida B. Thogersen , Jan J. Enghild , and Jens Stougaard *

Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN); Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelundsvej 1, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; Institut Louis Malarde, GP Box 30, 98713 Papeete Tahiti, French Polynesia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Genomic Interactions Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Aarhus, C. F. Mollers Alle, Building 1110, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: stougaard{at}mb.au.dk.

We have characterized the development of seeds in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Like soybean and pea, Lotus develops straight seed pods and each pod contains approximately 20 seeds that reach maturity within 40 days. Histological sections show the characteristic three developmental phases of legume seeds and the presence of embryo, endosperm and seed coat in desiccated seeds. Furthermore, protein, oil, starch, phytic acid, and ash contents were determined and this indicates that the composition of mature Lotus seed is more similar to soybean than pea. In a first attempt to determine the seed proteome both a 2-D PAGE approach and a GeLC-MS/MS approach were used. Globulins were analyzed by 2-D PAGE and five legumins, LLP1-5, and two convicilins, LCP1-2, were identified by MALDI Q-TOF mass spectrometry. For two distinct developmental phases, seed filling and desiccation, a GeLC-MS/MS approach was used, and 665 and 181 unique proteins corresponding to gene accession numbers were identified for the two phases respectively. All the proteome data including the experimental data and MS spectra peaks were collected in a database that is available to the scientific community via a web-interface (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/cgi-bin/lotus/db.cgi). This database establishes the basis for relating physiology, biochemistry and regulation of seed development in Lotus. Together with a new a web-interface (http://bioinfoserver.rsbs.anu.edu.au/utils/PathExpress4legumes/) collecting all protein identifications for Lotus, Medicago, and soybean seed proteomes, this database is a valuable resource for comparative seed proteomics and pathway analysis within and beyond the legume family.




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