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Published on March 20, 2009; 10.1104/pp.108.133678

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Received December 3, 2008
Accepted March 17, 2009

The synthetic elicitor 3,5-Dichloroanthranillic acid (DCA) induces NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent mechanisms of disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Colleen Knoth , Melinda S. Salus , Thomas Girke , and Thomas Eulgem *

ChemGen IGERT program, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, USA

* Corresponding author; email: thomas.eulgem{at}ucr.edu.

Immune responses of Arabidopsis thaliana are at least partially mediated by coordinated transcriptional upregulation of plant defense genes, such as the Late/sustained Upregulation in Response to Hyaloperonospora parasitica (LURP) cluster. We found a defined region in the promoter of the LURP member CaBP22 to be important for this response. Using a CaBP22 promoter-reporter fusion we have established a robust and specific high-throughput screening system for synthetic defense elicitors that can be used to trigger defined sub-sets of plant immune responses. Screening a collection of 42,000 diversity oriented molecules we identified 114 candidate LURP inducers. One representative, 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (DCA), efficiently induced defense reactions to the phytopathogens H. parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast to known salicylic acid analogs, such as 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), which exhibit a long-lasting defense-inducing activity and are fully dependent on the transcriptional co-factor NPR1, DCA acts transiently and is only partially dependent on NPR1. Microarray analyses revealed a cluster of 142 DCA- and INA-responsive genes that show a pattern of differential expression coinciding with the kinetics of DCA-mediated disease resistance. These ACID (associated with chemically induced defense) genes constitute a core gene set associated with chemically induced disease resistance, many of which appear to encode components of the natural immune system of Arabidopsis.






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