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Published on March 13, 2009; 10.1104/pp.108.133918

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Received December 9, 2008
Accepted March 10, 2009

The Arabidopsis callose synthase gene, GSL8, is required for cytokinesis and cell patterning

Xiong-Yan Chen , Lin Liu , Eunkyoung Lee , Xiao Han , Yeonggil Rim , Hyosub Chu , Seon-Won Kim , Fred Sack , and Jae-Yean Kim *

Division of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Jinju 660-701, Korea; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

* Corresponding author; email: kimjy{at}gnu.ac.kr.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and its separation into two daughter cells. Cell plate growth and cytokinesis appear to require callose, but direct functional evidence is still lacking. To determine the role of callose and its synthesis during cytokinesis, we identified and characterized mutants in many members of the GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE (GSL or CALLOSE SYNTHASE (CalS)) gene family in Arabidopsis. Most gsl mutants (gsl1-gsl7, gsl9, gsl11 and gsl12) exhibited roughly normal seedling growth and development. However, mutations in GSL8, which were previously reported to be gametophytic lethal, were found to produce seedlings with pleiotropic defects during embryogenesis and early vegetative growth. We found cell wall stubs, two nuclei in one cell, and other defects in cell division in homozygous gsl8 insertional alleles. In addition, gsl8 mutants and inducible RNAi lines of GSL8 showed reduced callose deposition at cell plates and/or the new cell walls originated from cell plates. Together these data show that GSL8 gene encodes a putative callose synthase required for cytokinesis and seedling maturation. In addition, gsl8 mutants disrupt cellular and tissue level patterning as shown by the presence of clusters of stomata in direct contact and by islands of excessive cell proliferation in the developing epidermis. Thus, GSL8 is required for patterning as well as cytokinesis during Arabidopsis development.






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