Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Published on April 10, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.135509

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Received January 9, 2009
Accepted April 7, 2009

Phytochrome B enhances photosynthesis at the expense of water use efficiency in Arabidopsis

Hernan E. Boccalandro , Matias L. Rugnone , Javier E. Moreno , Edmundo L. Ploschuk , Laura Serna , Marcelo J. Yanovsky , and Jorge J. Casal *

IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina, Catedra de Cultivos Industriales, Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina and Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales e ICAM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain

* Corresponding author; email: casal{at}ifeva.edu.ar.

In open places, plants are exposed to higher fluence rates of photosynthetically active radiation and to higher red to far-red ratios than under the shade of neighbor plants. High fluence rates are known to increase stomata density. Here we show that high, compared to low red to far-red ratios, also increase stomata density in Arabidopsis thaliana. High red to far-red ratios increase the proportion of phytochrome B (phyB) in its active form and the phyB mutant exhibited a constitutively low stomata density. phyB increased the stomata index (the ratio between stomata and epidermal cells number) and the level of anphistomy (by increasing stomata density more intensively in the adaxial than in the abaxial face). phyB promoted the expression of FAMA and TOO MANY MOUTHS genes involved in the regulation of stomata development in young leaves. Increased stomata density resulted in increased transpiration per unit leaf area. However, phyB promoted photosynthesis rates only at high fluence rates of photosynthetically-active radiation. In accordance to these observations, phyB reduced long-term water use efficiency estimated by the analysis of isotopic discrimination against 13CO2. We propose a model where active phyB promotes stomata differentiation in open places allowing plants to take advantage of the higher irradiances at the expense of a reduction of water use efficiency, which is compensated by a reduced leaf area.




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